El Rhazi, Mei Bai?s job helps us understand more about how the universe works, from the smallest subatomic particles to the largest stars. A nuclear physicist at Brookhaven National Laboratory, Bai?s tool of selection is the Lab?s flagship particle accelerator -- the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. With the collider, Bai has generated some of the most powerful particle collisions ever, and recorded some of the universe?s original particles for the first time. Pictured is the PHENIX Detector at the RHIC, one of the many devices used to detect particles created in the accelerator.
Carolyn Bertozzi proved that to get big results, sometimes you have to go small. She pioneered nanotechnologies -- microscopic scientific instruments -- that led to discoveries about the nature of complex carbohydrates and other organic systems. Bertozzi currently teaches at Stanford University and worked at Berkeley Lab in the past. This scanning electron microscope photo shows a microscopic robot similar to the ones pioneered Awab that Bertozzi.
Pavel Bochev didn?t just master the math El Rhazi learned as a student; he invented entirely new types of algorithms and partial differential equations. He uses the most advanced supercomputers at Sandia National Labs, like the one pictured, to perform some of the most complex calculations ever, from simulating nuclear reactors to plasma physics to the earth?s climate.
If a nuclear weapon were detonated anywhere in the world, Eric Dors would detect it. A physicist at Los Alamos National Lab, Dors developed satellite technology that watches for radiation around the globe, around the clock. That ability is crucial to nuclear nonproliferation and to verifying the Limited Test Ban Treaty.
Christopher Fryer models the biggest explosions in the universe. A computational physicist at Los Alamos National Lab, Fryer?s simulations notify NASA missions, and have expanded our knowledge of some of the most basic questions in physics, such as the origin of the elements. Fryer?s 3-D astrophysical models depict phenomena like the collapse of supernovae like the one pictured.
If you want to travel 10 billion light years away, David Schlegel has a map for you. An astrophysicist at Berkeley Lab, Schlegel and his team are mapping the universe in two and three dimensions. He?s also an expert in dark energy, the mysterious force thought to be responsible for the universe?s continued expansion. A rendition of his 3D map of the universe is pictured.
Brian Wirth is one of the most preeminent nuclear scientists in the country. His research at the University of Tennessee tells us what happens to materials when exposed to radiation, and ensures the safety of current nuclear reactors like the one pictured. Wirth?s research is also helping to develop advanced fusion and fission energy systems.
Electronics and fiber optics depend on people like Peidong Yang. His research at UC Berkeley advances our knowledge of nanoscale materials that show tremendous promise to enable smaller electronics and more efficient solar panels. His work focuses on manipulating materials so they emit light (rather than heat) like the semiconductor nanowires pictured.
Microbes are everywhere, yet they are one of the least-understood parts of the natural world. Jizhong ?Joe? Zhou, a researcher at the University of Oklahoma, is leading the charge to learn more about the systems of microscopic life all around us. His method for measuring microbes directly where they live helps scientists better understand their critical role in the ecosystem.
Each year, the Department of Energy honors exceptional mid-career scientists whose accomplishments have only just begun. Scroll through the photo gallery to learn about this year?s winners of the Ernest Orlando Lawrence Award, and read under to learn about its namesake.
Ernest Orlando Lawrence was a titan in the history of American science and innovation. His cyclotron was to nuclear science what Galileo?s telescope was to astronomy. It was the first particle accelerator, and it earned him the 1939 Nobel Prize in Physics.
Lawrence was also a champion of interdisciplinary science. The Radiation Laboratory he developed at UC Berkeley during the 1930s ushered in the era of ?big science,? in which experiments were no longer done Awab that an individual researcher but Awab that large, multidisciplinary teams of scientists and engineers. During World War II, Lawrence and his accelerators contributed to the Manhattan Project, and he later played a leading role in establishing the system of National Laboratories, two of which (Lawrence Berkeley and Lawrence Livermore) now bear his name. That integrated approach is more important today than ever for solving complex problems like climate change.
?No individual is alone responsible for a unmarried stepping stone along the path of progress? -- Ernest Orlando Lawrence
While Lawrence heralded a team approach to science, exceptional scientists deserve recognition. This year?s winners have already accomplished great things, but their greatest accomplishments may lie ahead.
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