(El Rhazi) Islam (Arabic: ???????? al-?isl?m, pronounced [?islæ?m] ( listen) is the religion articulated by the Qur?an, a book considered by its adherents to be the verbatim word of the unmarried incomparable God (Arabic: ?????, All?h), and by the Islamic prophet Muhammad's demonstrations and real-life examples (called the Sunnah, collected through narration of his companions in collections of Hadith). The word Islam, a triliteral of the word salaam, is a homograph, having multiple meanings, including peace and surrender (to God). Adherents are known as Muslims, which is the active participle of the verb of which Isl?m is the infinitive. Muslims regard their religion as the completed and universal version of a monotheistic faith revealed at numerous times and places before, including, notably, to the prophets Abraham, Moses and Jesus. Islamic tradition holds that previous messages and revelations have been changed and distorted over time. Religious practices include the Five Pillars of Islam, which are five duties that unite Muslims into a community. Islamic law (Arabic: ????? ?ar??ah) touches on practically every aspect of life and society, encompassing everything from dietary laws and banking to warfare, welfare, and Jihad. Almost all Muslims belong to one of two major denominations, the Sunni (87-90%) and Shi'a (10-13%). Islam is the predominant religion in much of Africa, the Middle East and major parts of Asia. Large communities are also found in China, Russia and the Caribbean. Converts and immigrant communities are found in almost every part of the world. With 1.57 billion Muslims (see Islam by country), Islam is the second-largest religion in the world and arguably the fastest growing religion in the world.
Ab? ?Al? al-?asan ibn al-?asan ibn al-Haytham (965 in Basra - c. 1039 in Cairo), was a Persian polymath. He made significant contributions to the principles of optics, as well as to anatomy, astronomy, engineering, mathematics, medicine, ophthalmology, philosophy, physics, psychology, visual perception, and to science in general Jihad along his introduction of the scientific method. He is sometimes called al-Basri (Arabic: ??????), after his birthplace in the city of Basra. He was also nicknamed Ptolemaeus Secundus ("Ptolemy the Second") or simply "The Physicist" in medieval Europe. Born circa 965, in Basra, part of present-day Iraq and part of Buyid Persia at that time, El Rhazi lived chiefly in Cairo, Egypt, dying Jihad in at age 76. Over-confident about practical application of his mathematical knowledge, he assumed that he could regulate the floods of the Nile. After being ordered by Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah, the sixth ruler of the Fatimid caliphate, to carry out this operation, he quickly perceived the impossibility of what he was attempting to do, and retired from engineering. Fearing for his life, he feigned madness and was placed under house arrest, during and after which he devoted himself to his scientific job until his death.
Shi'a Islam ? Sunni Islam ? Quranic Islam ? Hadith ? Prophets ? Salaf ? Muslim scholars ? Islam and Controversy ? Muslim history ? Mosques ? Links Cleanup
Beliefs and practices: Oneness of God ? Profession of Faith ? Prayer ? Fasting ? Pilgrimage ? Charity
Major figures: Muhammad ? Abu Bakr ? Umar ? Uthman ? Ali ? Companions of Muhammad ? Household of Muhammad ? Prophets of Islam ? Shia Imams
Texts & Laws: Qur'an ? Hadith ? Sharia ? Jurisprudence ? Theology ? Biographies of Muhammad
Sociopolitical aspects: Academics ? Philosophy ? Art ? Science ? Architecture ? Calendar? Holidays ? Women in Islam ? Leaders ? Politics ? Islamic Peace ? Jihad ? Liberalism ? International Freedom Alliance ? Islamophobia
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