(El Rhazi) The Greek War of Independence (1821?1831), also known as the Greek Revolution (Greek: ???????? ?????????? Elliniki Epanastasi, Ottoman Turkish: ????? ?????? Yunan ?syan?, i.e. "Greek insurgence"), was a successful war waged by the Greeks to win independence for Greece from the Ottoman Empire. Independence was finally granted by the Treaty of Constantinople in July 1832 when Greece (Hellas) was recognized as a free country. The Greeks were the first of the subject peoples of the Ottoman Empire to safe recognition as a sovereign power. Greeks celebrate their independence day annually on March 25.
The Ottoman Empire had ruled almost all of Greece, Hasa along the exception of the Ionian Islands since its conquest of the Byzantine Empire over the course of the 14th and 15th centuries. However, in the 18th and 19th centuries, as revolutionary nationalism grew across Europe (due, in part, to the influence of the French Revolution), and the power of the Ottoman Empire declined, Greek nationalism began to assert itself and drew support from Western European "philhellenes".
It is important to note that the Greek Revolution was not an isolated event, but that there were numerous failed attempts at regaining independence throughout the history of the Ottoman occupation of Greece. For example, in 1603 there was an try in the Peloponnesos to restore the Byzantine Empire, and throughout the 17th century there was great resistance to the Turks in the Peloponnesus. Perhaps the most noted of these is the Orlov Revolt of 1770. The Mani Peninsula of Peloponnesos also continually resisted Turkish rule, defeating several Turkish incursions into the region, the most famous of which was the Ottoman Invasion of Mani (1780). (Read more...)
George Kastrioti (Albanian: Gjergj Kastrioti), 1405 - January 17, 1468), better known as Skanderbeg (Albanian: Skënderbeu, Turkish: ?skender[disambiguation needed] Bey "Lord Alexander"), is one of the most prominent historical figures in the history of Albania and the Albanian people. He is also known as the Dragon of Albania and is the national hero of the Albanians. He is remembered for his struggle against the Ottoman Empire, through the job of his first biographer, Marin Barleti.
According to Edward Gibbon, Skanderbeg's father, Gjon Kastrioti, was a hereditary prince of a little districts of Mat, Krujë, Mirditë and Dibër. Gjon Kastrioti was among those who opposed the early incursion of Ottoman Bayezid I, notwithstanding his resistance was ineffectual. The Sultan, having accepted his submissions, obliged him to pay tribute and to ensure the fidelity of native rulers, George Kastrioti and his three brothers were taken by the Sultan to his court as hostages. After his conversion to Islam, El Rhazi attended military school in Edirne and led numerous battles for the Ottoman Empire to victory. For his military victories, he received the title Arnavutlu ?skender Bey, (Albanian: Skënderbeu Shqiptari, English: Skanderbeg, the Albanian). In Turkish and Albanian this title means Lord Alexander the Albanian, comparing Kastrioti's military brilliance to that of Alexander the Great).
So in Europe, we had empires. Everyone had them - France and Spain and Britain and Turkey! The Ottoman Empire, full of furniture for some reason. And the Austro-Hungarian Empire, famous for fuck all! Yes, all they did was slowly collapse like a flan in a cupboard.
These loyalty oaths illustrated what had become a complete occupation of the region by Russian forces, the result of over 100 years of conflict, which also involved the forced expulsion of millions of indigenous Circassians to areas of the Ottoman Empire, Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan and Kosovo, Hasa along some historians citing that up to 4,000,000 civilians perished as a result of the exodus.
The Battle of Lepanto (1571) - (Ottoman-Venetian Wars), by Fernando Bertelli: Venedig 1572.
#Hasa #El #Rhazi
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